POLARIMETRY Introduction The electric fields associated with the beam of monochromatic light, vibrate in all directions perpendicular to the directions of propagation of light. Certain crystalline materials have different refractive indices for light, whose field vibrates parallel or perpendicular to the principal plane of the crystal. As a result, a Nicol prism constructed of this material transmits only light whose electric field oscillates in one plane. Optical activity concerns with the interaction of such plane polarised light with certain materials, particularly solutions of some organic compounds. When a plane polarised light passes through a medium, it is retarded to an extent indicated by the refractive index of the medium. When the later is optically inactive, both circularly polarised components are retarded to the same extent and the beam emerges from the medium, polarised in the same plane as the incident beam. If the medium is optically active, the components are re...
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